California
differs from other states because it always has been less of a reality than a
promise. Oh, there’s reality enough to go around in the Golden State, but the
future always seems more important here than the present, and what might be
often trumps what is.
A
case in point: Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger is promising that he can achieve near
miracles in reforming the state’s budget woes by entering into public-private
partnerships. In case you aren’t familiar with the concept, it goes like this:
The
state could build infrastructure by contracting with private firms to do the
work, paying for projects with tax revenues. To avoid having to come up with
massive amounts of cash all at once, which would mandate huge tax increases for
a few years, the state can borrow the money from the public by issuing bonds.
That’s a bit like taking out a mortgage to build a house, except that the state
usually pays a lower interest rate. Bonds have two important advantages — they
allow the costs to be stretched out over a long period of years, reducing the
treasury’s annual out-of-pocket, and when they end, they end. Temporary tax
hikes often turn out to be anything but temporary, so avoiding the necessity of
developing the discipline to reduce taxes after projects are paid for instead
of inventing new projects on which to spend freed-up tax revenues is the second
benefit.
That
makes the governor’s preference seem almost reasonable. He wants to get private
parties to invest with the state in the infrastructure projects. The usual
formula calls for the private partner to operate the project after it’s
completed for 10, 20 or even 50 years, taking a profit each year from the
operation as the payback for its up-front investment. The arrangement is
supposed to reduce the investment the state has to make, thus relieving the
burden on the taxpayers’ collective wallet.
These
arrangements have been tried from time to time since the beginning of this
country’s history, and surely were tried elsewhere long before that.
Historically, they are poor performers. Even George Washington lost money
investing in such a project as a participant in a private partner syndicate.
Schwarzenegger’s
sales pitch points to Canada’s experimentation with such partnerships, which he
extols as the best thing that could happen to a government construction
project. The Associated Press took a look, recently, at some of the projects
about which the governor unembarrassedly sings
praises and discovered that while he stands on the south side of the border
pronouncing the northern side’s grass to be much greener than his, those up
there seem to think he needs his spectacles adjusted.
Both
government and university studies done in Canada of the long-term outcomes of
public-private partnerships formed to construct infrastructure concluded what
anybody ought to be able to see — adding a profit margin doesn’t really make
things cheaper. It’s an accounting trick. The government says it didn’t have to
raise taxes because it isn’t going to have to pay the full bill for the
project. That’s absolutely true, but somebody is going to pay it, and that
somebody expects to be rewarded for paying it by receiving it back with a
profit added. And who pays that? Why, the public, those same taxpayers whose
taxes didn’t go up directly but whose pocketbooks will be vacuumed of cash
nevertheless.
Some
public-private partnerships actually make sense, but usually they only make
sense for discreet projects with narrowly defined goals and benefits. Major
ones often provide little benefit to the government partner beyond allowing the
government to hide the true cost to the public.
“Faster,
better, cheaper …” That’s the way the governor describes the benefits to
California’s taxpayers of public-private partnerships to build things like
roads and schools. Compare his formula to how you might approach a major
long-term investment and see if you really believe in the faster-better-cheaper
explanation.
What
if you wanted a new home to live in? One way to get it is to save up money for
a down payment, hire an architect to design it, hire a builder to build it, buy
the land, and take out a huge loan – the mortgage – to pay everybody up front.
Alternatively, you could look around and find a house you liked that somebody else
already had built, and you could rent the house. If you like it a lot, and if
your landlord likes you, you might actually stay in that house for the next 30
years. But over the years, the rent will rise, so while you can plan for the
rent expense in the short term, long-term planning is a little more difficult.
You’ll be paying for the landlord’s mortgage, plus whatever profit he may add,
but the least of that profit will be the increase in the landlord’s equity.
That’ll
be 2 cents, please.